CVE-2025-2351 Overview
CVE-2025-2351 is a SQL injection vulnerability in DayCloud StudentManage 1.0. The flaw resides in the /admin/adminScoreUrl endpoint within the Login component. Attackers can manipulate the query parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements without authentication. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network and has been publicly disclosed.
DayCloud StudentManage uses continuous delivery with rolling releases, so no discrete version numbers are published for affected or fixed builds. The vendor was contacted before public disclosure but did not respond. The weakness is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).
Critical Impact
Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject SQL through the query parameter of the admin login endpoint, potentially exposing or altering student data.
Affected Products
- DayCloud StudentManage 1.0 (rolling release)
- /admin/adminScoreUrl Login Endpoint component
- Deployments tracking the upstream rolling release branch
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-03-16 - CVE-2025-2351 published to NVD with VulDB submission #512793
- 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-2351
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the administrative login workflow of DayCloud StudentManage. The /admin/adminScoreUrl endpoint accepts a query parameter that is concatenated into a backend SQL statement without proper sanitization or parameterization. An unauthenticated attacker can submit crafted input over the network to alter the structure of the executed query.
Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized read or write access to the underlying database. In a student management context, this exposes academic records, credentials, and personally identifiable information. Because the endpoint sits in the login flow, exploitation requires no prior account or session.
The attack complexity is low and no user interaction is required. The exploit details are publicly available, which increases the likelihood of opportunistic scanning and exploitation against exposed instances.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements within the query parameter ([CWE-74]). The application constructs SQL statements using string concatenation rather than prepared statements with bound parameters. Single quotes, comments, and SQL operators submitted by the client are interpreted as part of the query rather than as literal data.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is purely network-based. An attacker sends an HTTP request to /admin/adminScoreUrl containing a malicious query value. The injected payload can extract data with UNION SELECT statements, enumerate the schema through error or boolean-based techniques, or modify records with stacked queries depending on the database driver in use. No authentication, cookies, or social engineering are required to reach the vulnerable code path.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2351
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP requests to /admin/adminScoreUrl containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1, or SLEEP( in the query parameter.
- Unusual outbound traffic from the application server to attacker-controlled hosts following requests to the admin login endpoint.
- Database error messages or stack traces logged after requests to /admin/adminScoreUrl.
- Spikes in 500-series responses or anomalous response sizes from the admin login path.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall rules that inspect the query parameter on /admin/adminScoreUrl for SQL injection signatures and time-based payload patterns.
- Enable database query logging and alert on syntactically invalid queries originating from the StudentManage application user.
- Correlate web access logs with database audit logs to identify request patterns that produced unexpected query shapes.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor authentication-related endpoints for high-volume requests from single source addresses indicative of automated injection probing.
- Track database response times for the application service account to catch boolean and time-based blind injection attempts.
- Forward web server, application, and database logs to a centralized analytics platform for cross-source correlation and retention.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2351
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to /admin/adminScoreUrl to trusted administrative source addresses using firewall or reverse proxy rules.
- Deploy a WAF policy that blocks SQL injection payloads targeting the query parameter until an upstream fix is verified.
- Audit the StudentManage database for unauthorized modifications, new accounts, or anomalous record access.
- Rotate database credentials used by the application and reduce the account's privileges to the minimum required.
Patch Information
No vendor patch has been published. The vendor did not respond to disclosure attempts coordinated through VulDB. Because the product uses continuous delivery with rolling releases, defenders should track the upstream repository for commits that introduce parameterized queries on the /admin/adminScoreUrl handler. See the VulDB advisory #299818 and the VulDB submission #512793 for disclosure details.
Workarounds
- Place the application behind an authenticated reverse proxy that performs input validation on the query parameter.
- Apply a WAF rule that rejects requests where query contains SQL keywords, comment sequences, or encoded variants.
- Configure the database account used by StudentManage with read-only access where feasible and revoke FILE, EXECUTE, and DDL privileges.
- Consider taking the administrative interface offline until a verified fix is available in the upstream rolling release.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
