CVE-2025-2346: IROAD Dash Cam RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2346 Overview

CVE-2025-2346 is an origin validation error affecting IROAD Dash Cam X5 and Dash Cam X6 devices with firmware up to version 20250308. The vulnerability resides in the Domain Handler component. Attackers can manipulate the Domain Name argument to trigger improper origin validation, categorized under [CWE-345] Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity. The flaw stems from the use of a public domain for what should be an internal domain name, allowing remote actors to influence how the device resolves and trusts domain-based communications. Exploitation requires no authentication or user interaction but is rated as high complexity, making practical attacks difficult to execute reliably.

Critical Impact
Remote attackers can potentially manipulate the Domain Handler to cause the dash cam to communicate with attacker-controlled infrastructure, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of device data.

Affected Products

IROAD Dash Cam X5 (firmware up to 20250308)
IROAD Dash Cam X6 (firmware up to 20250308)
Component: Domain Handler

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-16 - CVE-2025-2346 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2346

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability affects the Domain Handler component of IROAD Dash Cam X5 and X6 firmware. According to the researcher's published findings, the device relies on a public domain to service what should be an internal-only domain name resolution. This design flaw allows the domain namespace to be influenced by parties outside the manufacturer's control. Under [CWE-345], the device fails to sufficiently verify the authenticity of the data it receives when resolving or contacting this domain. An attacker able to control the resolution or content served for the referenced domain can supply data the dash cam treats as trustworthy. The attack is remote and unauthenticated but requires favorable network conditions, which the CVSS 4.0 vector reflects with high attack complexity.

Root Cause

The root cause is the use of a public, externally resolvable domain to represent an internal service endpoint. Because the manufacturer does not own or exclusively control the resolution path, any actor able to influence DNS resolution or the domain itself can impersonate the intended internal service. The Domain Handler does not perform additional cryptographic origin validation to compensate for this design decision.

Attack Vector

Exploitation occurs over the network. An attacker manipulates the Domain Name argument or the resolution of the referenced public domain to redirect the dash cam's traffic. If successful, the device treats attacker-controlled responses as legitimate, resulting in low-severity confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No user interaction or credentials are required. Full technical details are available in the GitHub README on Domain Findings and the VulDB entry #299812.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2346

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected DNS queries from IROAD dash cam devices to the public domain referenced in the vendor firmware.
Dash cam network traffic terminating at IP addresses inconsistent with the manufacturer's known infrastructure.
Firmware version reporting at or below 20250308 on deployed IROAD X5 or X6 units.

Detection Strategies

Inspect outbound traffic from dash cam devices on fleet or corporate networks for anomalies in domain resolution behavior.
Compare resolved IP addresses for the referenced domain against expected manufacturer ranges over time.
Alert on TLS certificate mismatches or absent certificate pinning when dash cams initiate outbound connections.

Monitoring Recommendations

Log DNS activity from IoT VLANs hosting dash cam devices and forward it to a central data lake for correlation.
Baseline normal communication patterns of IROAD devices and flag deviations in destination, volume, or timing.
Monitor the public domain referenced by the firmware for changes in ownership or resolution.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2346

Immediate Actions Required

Inventory all IROAD Dash Cam X5 and X6 devices and confirm firmware versions against 20250308.
Isolate affected dash cams on a dedicated network segment with restricted egress.
Block or tightly control outbound resolution of the public domain used by the Domain Handler until a vendor fix is available.

Patch Information

No vendor advisory or fixed firmware version is currently listed in the enriched CVE data. Administrators should monitor the VulDB entry #299812 and IROAD vendor channels for firmware updates that replace the public domain with a controlled internal endpoint and add cryptographic origin validation.

Workarounds

Route dash cam traffic through an internal DNS resolver that enforces allowlists for known-good destinations.
Terminate dash cam connections at an inspection proxy capable of enforcing certificate validation on device traffic.
Where the dash cam's cloud functionality is not required, disable network connectivity entirely and rely on local storage.

bash

# Example egress restriction for dash cam VLAN (iptables)
iptables -A FORWARD -i vlan-dashcam -p udp --dport 53 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -i vlan-dashcam -d <trusted-resolver-ip> -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i vlan-dashcam -j DROP