CVE-2025-23183: Open Redirect Vulnerability Analysis

CVE-2025-23183 Overview

CVE-2025-23183 is an open redirect vulnerability classified under [CWE-601]: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site. The flaw allows an attacker to craft a URL that appears to point to a trusted application but redirects the victim to an attacker-controlled destination. Exploitation requires user interaction, typically clicking a manipulated link. The scope change in the CVSS vector indicates that a successful redirect can impact resources beyond the vulnerable component, most often by facilitating credential theft or malware delivery through spoofed pages.

Critical Impact
Attackers can weaponize the affected application as a phishing platform, using its trusted domain to redirect victims to malicious sites without triggering typical URL reputation warnings.

Affected Products

Affected vendor and product details are not available in the current NVD entry
Refer to the Israeli Government CVE Advisories for product identification
Downstream integrations that consume redirect URLs from the affected component

Discovery Timeline

2025-05-22 - CVE-2025-23183 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-23183

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied URL parameters used in redirect operations. The affected application accepts a destination URL through a request parameter and issues an HTTP redirect without verifying that the target belongs to an allowlisted domain. Attackers craft links that combine the trusted application's origin with an attacker-controlled redirect or next parameter. When a victim clicks the link, the browser first contacts the legitimate host, then follows the redirect to a malicious site. This pattern is commonly used to defeat URL inspection systems that trust the initial domain.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing or improperly implemented destination validation in the redirect handler. The application treats externally supplied URLs as trustworthy input rather than validating them against an allowlist of internal paths or approved domains. Client-side or partial server-side checks are insufficient because attackers can bypass string filters using URL encoding, alternate schemes, or protocol-relative URLs such as //attacker.example.

Attack Vector

Exploitation occurs over the network and requires user interaction. An attacker distributes the crafted URL through phishing email, chat messages, malicious advertisements, or social media. The victim perceives the link as legitimate because it originates from the trusted domain. After the redirect, the attacker can present a cloned login page, deliver malware, or chain the redirect into an OAuth or single sign-on flow to steal tokens. Technical details are documented in the Israeli Government CVE Advisories.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-23183

Indicators of Compromise

Web server access logs containing external URLs in redirect parameters such as ?url=, ?next=, ?returnUrl=, or ?redirect=
HTTP 302 responses where the Location header points to a domain outside the application's trusted list
Referrer logs on external domains showing inbound traffic originating from the affected application
Phishing reports from users referencing the trusted application's domain in the initial URL

Detection Strategies

Parse web server and reverse proxy logs for redirect parameters and flag values containing external hostnames, protocol-relative prefixes, or encoded schemes
Correlate outbound redirects with URL reputation feeds to identify redirects to newly registered or low-reputation domains
Baseline normal redirect destinations for the application and alert on statistical outliers

Monitoring Recommendations

Deploy web application firewall rules that inspect redirect parameters and block requests containing off-domain targets
Enable full HTTP request and response logging on the affected endpoints, including query strings and Location headers
Feed email gateway telemetry into SIEM to correlate inbound phishing URLs that leverage the vulnerable redirect endpoint

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-23183

Immediate Actions Required

Identify all redirect endpoints in the affected application and inventory the parameters they accept
Apply vendor patches or hotfixes once released and tracked through the Israeli Government CVE Advisories
Notify users of active phishing campaigns that may leverage the trusted domain
Review authentication flows and OAuth redirect URIs for exposure to the same weakness

Patch Information

Vendor and patch details are not published in the NVD entry at the time of writing. Administrators should consult the referenced Israeli Government CVE Advisories listing for vendor-specific remediation guidance and monitor the NVD record for updates.

Workarounds

Implement a server-side allowlist of permitted redirect destinations and reject any URL that does not match
Replace direct URL redirects with indirect references, such as short identifiers that map to internal destinations
Enforce same-origin redirects only, rejecting absolute URLs and protocol-relative paths in redirect parameters
Display an interstitial warning page when redirecting to any external domain

bash

# Example nginx rule to block off-domain values in a redirect parameter
if ($arg_url ~* "^(https?:)?//(?!trusted\.example\.com)") {
    return 400;
}