CVE-2025-12926: Janobe Farm Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-12926 Overview

CVE-2025-12926 is a SQL injection vulnerability in SourceCodester Farm Management System 1.0, developed by Janobe. The flaw resides in the /review.php endpoint, where the pid parameter is incorporated into a SQL query without proper sanitization. Attackers can manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL syntax. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely and requires low-privilege authentication. A public exploit is available, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic attacks against exposed deployments. The issue is tracked under [CWE-89] (SQL Injection) and [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output).

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can inject SQL statements through the pid parameter in /review.php, potentially exposing or altering database records.

Affected Products

Janobe Farm Management System 1.0
SourceCodester Farm Management System 1.0
CPE: cpe:2.3:a:janobe:farm_management_system:1.0

Discovery Timeline

2025-11-10 - CVE-2025-12926 published to NVD
2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-12926

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the /review.php script of the Farm Management System web application. The pid request argument is passed directly into a SQL query without parameterization or input filtering. An attacker who can send HTTP requests to the application can append SQL syntax to the pid value, modifying the resulting query.

Exploitation requires network access and low-level privileges, but no user interaction. Successful injection can disclose database contents, alter stored records, or enable further attack chains depending on database privileges granted to the application user. Because Farm Management System is distributed as PHP source on SourceCodester, deployments are typically self-hosted by small organizations, often with minimal hardening.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of prepared statements or parameterized queries in /review.php. The pid parameter is concatenated directly into a SQL statement, allowing untrusted input to be interpreted as query logic. Input validation and output neutralization controls described in [CWE-74] are missing.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based via HTTP. An authenticated attacker sends a crafted request to /review.php with a malicious pid parameter. Typical payloads use UNION-based or boolean-based injection techniques to extract data from the underlying MySQL database. Public proof-of-concept material is referenced in the GitHub Issue Tracker and VulDB #331646.

No verified exploit code is reproduced here. Refer to the linked advisories for technical payload details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-12926

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /review.php containing SQL metacharacters in the pid parameter, such as single quotes, UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences (--, #).
Unexpected database errors or unusually large response payloads from /review.php.
Web server access logs showing automated scanning patterns against review.php endpoints from a single source IP.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that flag SQL keywords and tautologies in the pid query string parameter.
Enable database query logging and alert on syntactically anomalous queries originating from the Farm Management System application user.
Correlate HTTP 500 responses from /review.php with the source IP and parameter content to surface probing activity.

Monitoring Recommendations

Centralize web server, application, and database logs for correlation across the request lifecycle.
Baseline normal traffic to /review.php and alert on deviations in parameter length, character distribution, or request frequency.
Monitor outbound database connections for unexpected INFORMATION_SCHEMA queries indicative of injection enumeration.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-12926

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the Farm Management System administrative interface using IP allowlisting or a VPN.
Audit web server logs for prior exploitation attempts targeting /review.php with the pid parameter.
Rotate database credentials and review database privileges granted to the application user, applying least privilege.
Place a WAF in front of the application with rules tuned to block SQL injection patterns on the pid parameter.

Patch Information

No vendor patch is currently referenced in the NVD entry. Janobe and SourceCodester have not published a vendor advisory for CVE-2025-12926. Operators should monitor SourceCodester Security Resources and the VulDB CTI ID #331646 entry for updates. In the interim, apply source-level remediation by rewriting /review.php to use prepared statements with bound parameters for the pid value.

Workarounds

Modify /review.php to validate that pid is a numeric value before query execution, rejecting any non-integer input.
Replace inline SQL concatenation with PDO or mysqli prepared statements binding pid as an integer parameter.
Disable verbose database error messages in PHP configuration to limit information leakage during probing.
Consider taking the application offline if it is internet-exposed and a code fix cannot be applied promptly.

bash

# Example PHP remediation pattern for /review.php
# Replace concatenated query with a prepared statement
$pid = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'pid', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
if ($pid === false || $pid === null) {
    http_response_code(400);
    exit('Invalid pid');
}
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM reviews WHERE pid = :pid');
$stmt->execute([':pid' => $pid]);