CVE-2025-12610: Codeastro Gym Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-12610 Overview

CVE-2025-12610 is a SQL injection vulnerability in CodeAstro Gym Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /admin/view-progress-report.php script, where the ID parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in a database query. An authenticated attacker with high privileges can manipulate the ID argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The attack is remotely exploitable over the network. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic abuse against exposed installations.

Critical Impact
Successful exploitation allows manipulation of backend database queries, potentially exposing or altering gym member records, administrative data, and other sensitive information stored in the application database.

Affected Products

CodeAstro Gym Management System 1.0
Component: /admin/view-progress-report.php
CPE: cpe:2.3:a:codeastro:gym_management_system:1.0

Discovery Timeline

2025-11-03 - CVE-2025-12610 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-12610

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is a SQL injection flaw classified under [CWE-89] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The affected script view-progress-report.php accepts an ID argument through an HTTP request and concatenates it directly into a SQL query without parameterization or input validation. This allows an attacker to break out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL syntax.

Exploitation requires administrative-level authentication, which limits the pool of attackers to those who can obtain valid admin credentials or chain the flaw with an authentication weakness. The EPSS score for this CVE is 0.327% (percentile 24.47), reflecting a lower observed likelihood of exploitation in the short term.

Root Cause

The root cause is direct concatenation of untrusted input into a SQL statement inside /admin/view-progress-report.php. The application does not use prepared statements or bound parameters when processing the ID value. There is no allow-list validation confirming that ID is numeric prior to query construction.

Attack Vector

An authenticated administrator sends an HTTP request to /admin/view-progress-report.php with a manipulated ID parameter containing SQL metacharacters and payloads such as UNION SELECT statements or boolean-based conditions. The database processes the injected clauses and returns attacker-controlled results, enabling data extraction, record enumeration, or modification of stored fields.

The vulnerability was reported through public channels including the GitHub Issue Report and VulDB #330905 Detail.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-12610

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /admin/view-progress-report.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, UNION, SELECT, --, or /* inside the ID parameter.
Web server access logs showing unusually long or URL-encoded ID values from a single administrative session.
Database error messages or unexpected 500-level responses correlated with requests to the affected endpoint.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect the ID parameter for SQL injection signatures on requests to view-progress-report.php.
Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing UNION SELECT, stacked queries, or comment markers originating from the gym management application user.
Correlate admin authentication events with suspicious HTTP request patterns to identify compromised administrative accounts.

Monitoring Recommendations

Continuously monitor administrative endpoints for anomalous parameter values and unexpected response sizes.
Track failed and successful admin login events and correlate with subsequent requests to sensitive PHP scripts.
Alert on outbound database connections or exports occurring outside of normal administrative activity windows.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-12610

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the /admin/ directory to trusted management IP ranges through firewall or web server configuration.
Rotate administrative credentials and enforce strong, unique passwords with multi-factor authentication where supported.
Review web server and database logs for evidence of prior exploitation of the ID parameter on view-progress-report.php.

Patch Information

No vendor patch has been published in the referenced advisories at the time of NVD publication. Consult the CodeAstro Security Resources page for vendor updates. Organizations should track the VulDB #330905 Threat Report for any released fixes.

Workarounds

Modify /admin/view-progress-report.php to cast the ID parameter to an integer before use in the SQL query, rejecting non-numeric input.
Replace direct query concatenation with prepared statements using PDO or MySQLi parameter binding.
Deploy WAF rules that block SQL metacharacters and injection payloads on requests targeting the affected endpoint until an official patch is available.

bash

# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity) blocking SQLi on the affected endpoint
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /admin/view-progress-report.php" \
    "chain,phase:2,deny,status:403,id:1012610,\
    msg:'CVE-2025-12610 SQLi attempt on ID parameter'"
    SecRule ARGS:ID "@rx (?i)(union(\s|/\*.*\*/)+select|--|;|'|\bor\b\s+\d+=\d+)" "t:none,t:urlDecodeUni"