CVE-2025-11113 Overview
CVE-2025-11113 is a SQL injection vulnerability in CodeAstro Online Leave Application 1.0. The flaw resides in the /signup.php script, where the city parameter is passed to a database query without proper sanitization. A remote attacker can manipulate the parameter to alter SQL statement logic. The exploit is publicly disclosed, and additional parameters in the same file may be affected. The weakness is categorized under [CWE-74] Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (Injection).
Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low privileges can inject SQL commands through the city parameter of /signup.php, potentially affecting application data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Affected Products
- CodeAstro Online Leave Application 1.0
- CPE: cpe:2.3:a:codeastro:online_leave_application:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
- Vendor: CodeAstro
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-09-28 - CVE-2025-11113 published to NVD
- 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-11113
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability resides in the signup workflow of CodeAstro Online Leave Application 1.0. The /signup.php endpoint accepts user-supplied registration data, including the city field. The application concatenates this input into a SQL statement without parameterized queries or input validation. An attacker can submit crafted payloads that break out of the intended string context and append arbitrary SQL clauses.
Because /signup.php is typically reachable before authentication, the attack surface is exposed to any remote user able to reach the application over the network. The advisory notes that other parameters in the same script may share the same flaw, indicating a systemic lack of input sanitization in the signup component.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in a downstream SQL query [CWE-74]. The city parameter is interpolated directly into the query string instead of being bound through prepared statements. This allows metacharacters such as single quotes and SQL keywords to alter query semantics.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based and requires no authentication beyond submission of the public signup form. An attacker sends a crafted HTTP POST request to /signup.php with a malicious value in the city field. Successful exploitation can disclose database records, modify stored data, or enable further enumeration of backend tables. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic scanning.
No verified proof-of-concept code is included in the advisory. Refer to the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB ID #326194 for additional technical context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11113
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP POST requests to /signup.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, or SLEEP( in the city parameter.
- Unexpected database errors or anomalous response times originating from the signup endpoint.
- New or modified rows in user-related tables that do not correspond to legitimate signups.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that inspect POST bodies submitted to /signup.php for SQL injection signatures.
- Enable verbose query logging on the backend database and alert on syntax errors tied to signup traffic.
- Correlate access logs with authentication and registration audit trails to identify abnormal signup patterns.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor the application web server for spikes in traffic to /signup.php from single source IPs.
- Track outbound queries from the application database for UNION SELECT, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, or time-based payloads.
- Forward web and database logs to a centralized analytics platform for retrospective hunting against known SQL injection patterns.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11113
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict public access to /signup.php until a patched build is available, or place the application behind a WAF with SQL injection protection enabled.
- Audit the signup workflow code and replace string-concatenated SQL with parameterized queries or prepared statements.
- Review database accounts used by the application and enforce least-privilege permissions to limit injection impact.
Patch Information
No official vendor patch is referenced in the NVD entry at the time of writing. Monitor the CodeAstro Security Resources page and the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion for remediation updates. Until an official fix is released, apply compensating controls at the application and network layers.
Workarounds
- Implement server-side input validation that rejects non-alphanumeric characters in the city field and other signup parameters.
- Deploy WAF signatures that block common SQL injection payloads on the registration endpoint.
- Disable or remove the signup page if user self-registration is not required for the deployment.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
