CVE-2025-11104 Overview
CVE-2025-11104 is a SQL injection vulnerability in CodeAstro Electricity Billing System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /admin/bill.php endpoint, where the uid parameter is passed to a database query without proper sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate the uid argument to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit details are public, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic attempts against exposed instances. The weakness is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can manipulate the uid parameter in /admin/bill.php to read, modify, or destroy billing records stored in the backend database.
Affected Products
- CodeAstro Electricity Billing System 1.0
- Component: /admin/bill.php
- Parameter: uid
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-09-28 - CVE-2025-11104 published to NVD
- 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-11104
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in the administrative billing module of CodeAstro Electricity Billing System 1.0. The /admin/bill.php script accepts a uid parameter and concatenates it directly into a SQL query. Because the input is not sanitized or parameterized, an attacker can break out of the intended query context and append malicious SQL fragments.
Exploitation requires low privileges, meaning a valid administrative session token or low-tier authenticated access. Once authenticated, the attacker sends crafted HTTP requests over the network. The injected SQL is executed by the backend database engine with the privileges of the application's database user.
Successful exploitation can disclose customer billing records, modify meter readings or payment status, and potentially escalate into broader database compromise. The public availability of exploit details lowers the barrier to abuse.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of user-supplied input passed through the uid GET or POST parameter. The application constructs SQL statements using string concatenation instead of prepared statements with bound parameters. No input validation or output encoding is applied before the value reaches the database layer.
Attack Vector
The attack is performed remotely over the network against the admin interface. An attacker submits an HTTP request to /admin/bill.php with a malicious payload in the uid argument, such as a UNION-based or boolean-based SQL injection string. The crafted query is appended to the original SELECT or UPDATE statement and executed by the database. No user interaction is required.
The vulnerability mechanism is described in the GitHub CVE Issue Tracking and the VulDB #326185 entry. No verified exploit code is reproduced here.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11104
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP requests to /admin/bill.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences in the uid parameter.
- Unexpected database errors logged by the PHP application or MySQL/MariaDB server tied to bill.php.
- Anomalous outbound data volumes from the web server suggesting bulk record extraction.
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web server access logs for malformed uid values targeting /admin/bill.php and correlate with authentication events.
- Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) ruleset that flags common SQL injection signatures on administrative PHP endpoints.
- Enable database query logging and alert on queries that contain tautologies, stacked statements, or INFORMATION_SCHEMA references originating from the billing application.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor admin account logins for unusual source IP addresses or off-hours activity preceding requests to bill.php.
- Track the rate of 500-series HTTP responses from /admin/bill.php, which often indicate failed injection probes.
- Alert on database user privilege changes or new accounts created by the application service user.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11104
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to /admin/ paths using IP allowlists, VPN, or reverse-proxy authentication until a vendor fix is applied.
- Rotate all administrative credentials and audit existing admin accounts for unauthorized additions.
- Review database contents for tampered billing records, especially recent changes to uid-referenced rows.
Patch Information
No vendor patch has been published in the referenced advisories at the time of writing. Consult the CodeAstro Security Resource and the VulDB CTI ID #326185 entry for updates. Operators should track the GitHub CVE Issue Tracking thread for fix availability.
Workarounds
- Place the application behind a WAF with rules that block SQL injection patterns on the uid parameter.
- Modify bill.php to use parameterized queries (PDO prepared statements or mysqli_prepare) and cast uid to an integer before use.
- Configure the database account used by the application with least-privilege permissions, removing rights to INFORMATION_SCHEMA, file operations, and schema changes.
- Disable verbose SQL error messages in production to limit information available to attackers.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
