CVE-2025-10719 Overview
CVE-2025-10719 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Tronclass, a learning management platform developed by WisdomGarden. Authenticated attackers with regular user privileges can manipulate a specific request parameter to access files belonging to other users. The flaw stems from missing authorization checks on object references, categorized under [CWE-639]. The vulnerability was disclosed through the Taiwan Computer Emergency Response Team (TW-CERT) coordination process.
Critical Impact
Authenticated users can read files owned by other Tronclass accounts, exposing confidential coursework, student records, and academic materials.
Affected Products
- Tronclass by WisdomGarden (learning management system)
- Specific affected versions are not enumerated in the NVD record
- Refer to the TW-CERT advisory for version scoping
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-09-19 - CVE-2025-10719 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-10719
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability resides in a Tronclass endpoint that references user files by an identifier passed in a request parameter. The application accepts the identifier and returns the associated file without verifying that the authenticated caller owns or has been granted access to it. Any account with standard privileges can enumerate or guess identifiers and retrieve arbitrary files stored in the platform. The result is horizontal privilege escalation limited to confidentiality of file resources.
Root Cause
The underlying defect is a missing authorization check on a user-controlled object reference [CWE-639]. The server trusts the client-supplied identifier to select a file and does not cross-reference the current session's ownership or permission grants. This pattern is common when developers rely on obscurity of internal identifiers rather than server-side access control decisions.
Attack Vector
Exploitation requires network access to the Tronclass application and a valid low-privilege account. The attacker authenticates, then issues a request to the vulnerable file-access endpoint while modifying the target parameter to reference another user's resource. The server returns the file contents without an authorization error. No user interaction from the victim is required, and no elevated privileges are needed to trigger the flaw.
No verified public proof-of-concept code is available. Technical details are described in the TW-CERT advisory: TW-CERT Security Advisory.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10719
Indicators of Compromise
- Application logs showing a single authenticated user retrieving files associated with many distinct owner IDs
- Sequential or scripted enumeration of file identifiers in Tronclass request parameters
- HTTP 200 responses to file-download endpoints where the requester is not the resource owner
Detection Strategies
- Review Tronclass web server and application logs for parameter tampering patterns targeting file identifiers
- Correlate authenticated session IDs against the owners of returned file objects to surface mismatches
- Alert on abnormal volumes of file downloads by a single user account within a short time window
Monitoring Recommendations
- Ingest Tronclass access logs into a centralized SIEM for continuous review
- Baseline normal per-user file access rates and flag statistical outliers
- Monitor egress traffic from the Tronclass server for unexpected bulk data transfers
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10719
Immediate Actions Required
- Contact WisdomGarden support to obtain the fixed Tronclass build and verify your deployment version
- Restrict access to the Tronclass application to trusted networks or via VPN until patching is complete
- Audit recent file-access logs for evidence of cross-user retrieval
- Rotate or revoke sessions for accounts showing anomalous file-access patterns
Patch Information
WisdomGarden coordinated disclosure through TW-CERT. Administrators should consult the TW-CERT Security Advisory and the TW-CERT Incident Report for fixed version information and vendor guidance. Apply the vendor-supplied update as soon as it is available in your environment.
Workarounds
- Deploy a web application firewall rule that inspects file-access parameters and blocks requests where the referenced owner does not match the session user
- Enforce stricter session-based access control at a reverse proxy where feasible
- Temporarily disable non-essential file-sharing features in Tronclass until the patch is deployed
- Require multi-factor authentication to raise the cost of account compromise used to launch enumeration
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
