CVE-2025-10445: Campcodes Inventory System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-10445 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Computer Sales and Inventory System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in an unknown function of the file /pages/us_transac.php?action=add, where improper handling of the Username argument allows attackers to inject malicious SQL statements. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially allowing unauthorized database access, data manipulation, or information disclosure.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to manipulate database queries, potentially accessing sensitive customer and inventory data, modifying records, or escalating privileges within the application.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Computer Sales and Inventory System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-15 - CVE-2025-10445 published to NVD
• 2025-09-19 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10445

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability affects the Campcodes Computer Sales and Inventory System, a web-based application used for managing computer sales and inventory operations. The vulnerable endpoint /pages/us_transac.php?action=add fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the Username parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection flaws where untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. In this case, the application directly uses the Username parameter value in SQL statements without adequate input validation or parameterization.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means that any unauthenticated remote attacker can attempt exploitation. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation in the wild. According to VulDB records, proof-of-concept information has been made available, which lowers the barrier for exploitation.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and the absence of parameterized queries in the affected PHP file. The application directly concatenates user input from the Username parameter into SQL queries without proper sanitization or escaping, enabling attackers to inject arbitrary SQL code. This is a common implementation flaw in legacy PHP applications that do not employ prepared statements or modern ORM frameworks.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint /pages/us_transac.php?action=add with specially crafted SQL payloads in the Username parameter. Upon processing, the injected SQL code is executed by the database server with the same privileges as the application's database connection.

The exploitation flow involves sending crafted requests containing SQL injection payloads through the Username parameter. The application's lack of input validation allows these payloads to be interpreted as SQL commands, enabling attackers to extract data, modify records, or perform administrative operations on the database. For detailed technical analysis and proof-of-concept information, refer to the GitHub Issue Discussion.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10445

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed HTTP requests to /pages/us_transac.php?action=add containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, or UNION keywords in the Username parameter
• Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors or unexpected query behavior
• Unexpected database queries appearing in database server logs, particularly those containing reconnaissance patterns like information_schema references
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications in audit trails

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Implement intrusion detection system (IDS) signatures for SQL injection attempts in HTTP traffic
• Monitor application logs for repeated failed login attempts or error messages related to database query failures
• Enable database query logging and alert on suspicious query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for any access attempts to /pages/us_transac.php with suspicious parameter values
• Implement database activity monitoring to track unusual query patterns or bulk data retrieval operations
• Review web server access logs regularly for reconnaissance activity targeting the affected endpoint
• Establish baseline network traffic patterns to identify anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10445

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Campcodes Computer Sales and Inventory System to trusted networks only using firewall rules
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection enabled for the affected application
• Disable or restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint /pages/us_transac.php if the functionality is not critical to operations
• Conduct a review of database user privileges to ensure the application operates with least-privilege access

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-09-19, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations should monitor the Campcodes website and VulDB for updates regarding security patches. Given the public availability of exploit information, immediate implementation of compensating controls is strongly recommended.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation at the application level to reject SQL metacharacters and enforce strict data type checking for the Username parameter
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF configured to filter malicious SQL injection payloads before they reach the application
• If source code access is available, modify the vulnerable PHP file to use prepared statements with parameterized queries
• Consider taking the affected system offline or isolating it to an internal network segment until a proper fix is available

# Example WAF rule configuration (ModSecurity)
# Block SQL injection attempts on vulnerable endpoint
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /pages/us_transac.php" \
    "id:1001,phase:2,deny,status:403,\
    chain"
SecRule ARGS:Username "@detectSQLi" \
    "msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked on us_transac.php'"