CVE-2025-10322: Wavlink WL-WN578W2 Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10322 Overview

CVE-2025-10322 is a weak password recovery vulnerability [CWE-640] affecting the Wavlink WL-WN578W2 wireless range extender running firmware version 221110. The flaw resides in an unknown function within the /sysinit.html file. Attackers can manipulate the newpass and confpass parameters to abuse the password recovery mechanism remotely without authentication. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and the vendor did not respond to disclosure attempts. This increases the risk that unpatched devices remain exposed to opportunistic attackers on reachable networks.

Critical Impact
Remote attackers can abuse the password recovery flow through /sysinit.html to compromise the integrity of authentication credentials on Wavlink WL-WN578W2 devices without user interaction.

Affected Products

Wavlink WL-WN578W2 (hardware)
Wavlink WL-WN578W2 firmware version M78W2_V221110
Deployments exposing the device management interface to untrusted networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-09-12 - CVE-2025-10322 published to NVD
2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10322

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability affects the password recovery workflow implemented in the /sysinit.html endpoint of the Wavlink WL-WN578W2 device. The endpoint accepts newpass and confpass parameters and processes them without sufficient verification of the requester's identity or ownership of the account. This design places the vulnerability in the CWE-640 category, covering weak password recovery mechanisms for forgotten passwords.

Remote attackers can reach the /sysinit.html endpoint over the network without prior authentication. Because the recovery flow does not validate the requestor through a strong secondary channel, an attacker can submit a chosen password and gain a foothold on the device management interface. Successful exploitation impacts credential integrity on the affected device.

The vendor did not respond to coordinated disclosure. No official patch or firmware update has been referenced in the advisory, and the technique has been documented publicly through VulDB and a GitHub repository.

Root Cause

The root cause is an insufficient password recovery mechanism [CWE-640] within the device's web administration interface. The handler in /sysinit.html accepts new password values through the newpass and confpass parameters without enforcing authenticated session context, prior challenge validation, or ownership proof. Any actor able to reach the interface can trigger the reset routine.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker with reachability to the device's HTTP management interface issues a crafted request to /sysinit.html supplying newpass and confpass values. Devices exposed to the internet or to broadly accessible LAN segments are directly reachable. The exploitation technique has been publicly documented, lowering the barrier for opportunistic abuse.

See the GitHub Resource Documentation and VulDB entry #323748 for the disclosed technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10322

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /sysinit.html on the device management interface originating from unexpected or external source addresses.
Requests containing newpass and confpass parameters outside of legitimate administrative activity windows.
Unexpected changes to the administrator password or loss of access to the device by legitimate operators.
New client sessions or configuration changes on the device shortly after /sysinit.html requests.

Detection Strategies

Inspect device or upstream router logs for POST or GET requests targeting /sysinit.html and alert on any occurrence from non-administrator sources.
Deploy network intrusion detection signatures matching the newpass= and confpass= parameter pattern on HTTP flows destined for Wavlink management ports.
Correlate administrative password changes with the source IP of the initiating request to identify unauthorized resets.

Monitoring Recommendations

Continuously monitor management interface exposure on WAN-side interfaces using external attack surface tooling.
Baseline expected administrative access patterns and alert on deviations, including access from non-management VLANs.
Track firmware versions across deployed Wavlink devices and flag any device running M78W2_V221110 for remediation.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10322

Immediate Actions Required

Remove the device management interface from WAN exposure and restrict access to a dedicated management VLAN.
Enforce network-layer access controls that permit /sysinit.html requests only from trusted administrative hosts.
Rotate the administrator password and audit device configuration for unauthorized changes.
Evaluate replacement of the affected model if the vendor continues not to publish a fix.

Patch Information

No vendor patch or advisory has been referenced for CVE-2025-10322. According to the disclosure, the vendor was contacted early but did not respond. Organizations should monitor the VulDB CTI record #323748 for updates and consult the VulDB submission #643433 for supplemental technical context. Until a firmware update is published, compensating controls at the network layer are required.

Workarounds

Block inbound access to the device HTTP administration interface at the perimeter firewall.
Place affected devices behind a segmented network with strict ACLs limiting access to known administrator workstations.
Disable remote management features on the device where configuration options permit.
Consider retiring the WL-WN578W2 in environments where remote management cannot be adequately restricted.

bash

# Example iptables rule restricting access to the device management interface
# Replace <mgmt_admin_ip> and <device_ip> with your environment values
iptables -A FORWARD -s <mgmt_admin_ip> -d <device_ip> -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d <device_ip> -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP