CVE-2025-0982: Google Application Integration RCE Flaw

CVE-2025-0982 Overview

A critical sandbox escape vulnerability exists in the JavaScript Task feature of Google Cloud Application Integration. The flaw allows an attacker to execute arbitrary unsandboxed code via crafted JavaScript code executed by the Rhino engine. This vulnerability stems from CWE-829 (Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere), where the Rhino JavaScript engine fails to properly isolate executed code from the underlying system.

Critical Impact

Attackers can break out of the JavaScript sandbox to execute arbitrary code on the underlying Google Cloud infrastructure, potentially compromising confidentiality and integrity of cloud workloads and data.

Affected Products

• Google Application Integration (all versions using the Rhino JavaScript engine)

Discovery Timeline

• February 6, 2025 - CVE CVE-2025-0982 published to NVD
• July 30, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-0982

Vulnerability Analysis

This sandbox escape vulnerability affects the JavaScript Task feature within Google Cloud Application Integration. The vulnerability exploits weaknesses in the Rhino JavaScript engine's sandbox implementation, allowing malicious actors to craft JavaScript code that escapes the intended execution boundaries. When successful, this escape grants attackers the ability to execute code outside the sandbox's security constraints, potentially accessing resources and functionality that should be isolated from user-provided scripts.

The vulnerability is particularly concerning in cloud environments where multi-tenant isolation is critical. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to access data or resources belonging to other tenants or the underlying infrastructure itself.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is classified as CWE-829 (Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere). The Rhino JavaScript engine, which was used to execute JavaScript Task code, contained insufficient sandbox restrictions. This allowed specially crafted JavaScript code to invoke functionality outside the intended sandbox boundaries, effectively bypassing the security isolation measures designed to protect the host environment from untrusted code execution.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based, requiring the attacker to submit crafted JavaScript code through the Application Integration's JavaScript Task feature. The attack does not require authentication or user interaction, though it does require high attack complexity to successfully craft the sandbox escape payload.

An attacker would need to:

1. Gain access to create or modify JavaScript Tasks within Google Cloud Application Integration
2. Craft malicious JavaScript code that exploits weaknesses in the Rhino engine's sandbox implementation
3. Execute the task, causing the code to break out of the sandbox and run with elevated privileges

The vulnerability affects the confidentiality and integrity of both the vulnerable system and subsequent systems, though availability impact has not been demonstrated.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-0982

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual JavaScript Task executions attempting to access system-level resources or APIs outside the sandbox scope
• JavaScript code containing reflection-based attacks or attempts to access Java classes directly through Rhino engine bridges
• Unexpected outbound network connections or data exfiltration from Application Integration workloads

Detection Strategies

• Monitor Google Cloud audit logs for suspicious JavaScript Task creation or modification events
• Implement code review processes for JavaScript Tasks to identify potentially malicious sandbox escape patterns
• Enable detailed logging for Application Integration workflows to capture execution anomalies

Monitoring Recommendations

• Review Application Integration activity logs regularly for unauthorized task executions
• Configure Cloud Monitoring alerts for unusual JavaScript Task behavior patterns
• Audit existing JavaScript Tasks to ensure they do not contain suspicious code patterns associated with sandbox escapes

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-0982

Immediate Actions Required

• Verify that your Google Cloud Application Integration environment is no longer using the Rhino JavaScript engine (deprecated as of January 24, 2025)
• Review all existing JavaScript Tasks for potentially malicious code before migrating to the new JavaScript engine
• Audit Application Integration access permissions to ensure only authorized users can create or modify JavaScript Tasks

Patch Information

Google has addressed this vulnerability by deprecating the Rhino JavaScript engine entirely. Effective January 24, 2025, Application Integration no longer supports Rhino as the JavaScript execution engine. No further fix actions are required as the vulnerable component has been removed from the service. Organizations should review the Google Cloud Release Notes for additional details on the migration to the new JavaScript engine.

Workarounds

• Ensure all Application Integration environments have been updated to use the replacement JavaScript engine that succeeded Rhino
• Restrict access to JavaScript Task creation and modification to trusted administrators only
• Implement additional input validation and code review processes for any JavaScript Tasks in your environment